Avoiding the Worst Effects of a Tsunami
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A 3 page paper discussing the Indian Ocean tsunami. On December 26, 2004, two tectonic plates that have been opposing each other for millennia shifted under the earth’s surface, resulting in an earthquake under the Indian Ocean. The earthquake shook the earth enough to change time, albeit only by microseconds. The greater consequence was that the earthquake displaced an immense volume of water. The final result was that the tsunami created by the earthquake killed more than all 20th century tsunamis combined. There was no warning. There were, however, actions that people in the affected areas could take. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KStsunami.rtf

Baconianism and the Royal Society
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A paper which considers whether or not the Royal Society could be regarded as following Baconian scientific principles and the effect which Bacon had on scientific thought and methodology. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLbacon.rtf

Basic Observations in Astronomy
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A 10 page overview of some of the basic premises of astronomy. Outlines the Big Bang theory and provides a description of Venus, Mars, and the four Jovian planets (Saturn, Pluto, Uranus, and Jupiter) in relation to the Earth and Sun, speculating on such anomalies as Venus’ retrograde rotation. Outlines the methodologies and theories utilized by astronomers such as the Doppler Effect, Wien’s Law, Absorption Spectrum, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and the Emission Spectrum. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastron.wps

Biodiversity and Dendrochronology
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This 9 page paper explores the fields of biodiversity and dendrochronology, and how they explain the physical world. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: HVBioDen.rtf

Biodiversity:
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This 12 page paper explains biodversity and its importance. Furthermore, this paper examins current threats to species, discusses environmental justice, reviews the environmental problems in developing nations, and more. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: GSBiodiv.rtf

Biodiversity: What it is and Some of the Most Important Hotspots
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9 pages. The wealth of diverse biological life forms is almost beyond what the human mind can conceive. It is interesting to say the least knowing the diversity between one pinch of soil that can contain more than ten billion bacteria, up through to entire regions, or hotspots, that are rife with not only different species but also endangered species, from insects up to the largest of mammals. This paper will focus on some of these hotspots as well as further serve to explain what biodiversity is. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JGAbiodv.rtf

Bitumen Macadam Using Crushed Concrete as Aggregate
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A 5 page paper discussing the use of recycled concrete in place of quarried stone and gravel in forming the mixture that will become roadbed pavement. Concrete as an aggregate is more promising now than before the introduction of the latest generation of bituminous binders. It cannot be used in all situations, but in many it offers greater suitability than even more conventional local materials. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSmacadam.wps

Black Holes
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An 8 page paper which describes black holes and examines their increased importance in astrophysics of the 20th and 21st centuries. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: TGblakhole.rtf

Book Review of Elsner and Kara’s “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999)
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This is a 5 page book review of James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999). James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999) is considered an extensive scientific text authored by two well established researchers in their areas of expertise. The book written by a professor of meteorology and geography at Florida State University and a contractor for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory of NASA uses historical and scientific studies to assess the hurricane activity and consequences in the North Atlantic while providing the reader with prediction models, historical data sets, statistics and the “societal vulnerability to hurricanes”. Overall, Book News (1999) considers it “of likely interest to meteorologists, climatologists, and economists, as well as decision makers in government and industry”. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJHurri1.rtf

Cadmium and the Environment
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This 11 page paper provides an overview of cadmium, what it is, where it is found and how it affects the health of human beings. Some animal studies are cited which speculates about additional implications. Practical information is also given on how people can protect themselves from this natural menace. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA144cad.rtf

Carlsbad Caverns
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A 6 page paper that presents an overview of the geological and geographical structure of Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico. This paper recognizes the fragile states of this natural wonder, and presents and overview of the impact of the human element on the natural mineral structures created within the caves. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Carlsbad.wps

Catastrophism and the Extinction of the Dinosaurs
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An 8 page discussion of the events which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. Suggests that a meteoric impact with the earth set in motion a series of environmental events which ultimately translated into dinosaur extinction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdinoC2.wps

Centrifugal And Coriolis Forces
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A 5 page overview of the two forces and their interaction. Centrifugal force is that fictitious force that imparts a general feeling of weightlessness for astronauts and is also the force by which washing machines extract excess water from wet clothes. The Coriolis effect holds that an object which moves in a straight line above the surface of the Earth (and not parallel to the equator) will appear to curve because the Earth is turning under it. Together, both are important for space travel. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Coriolis.wps

Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution
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A 10 page consideration of the theory of evolution and our current knowledge regarding the origin of life. Outlines Darwin's theories and the natural history information which led to those theories and provides a brief outline of the chemical basis for the origin of life. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPevolut.rtf